Introduction about some popular raw materials for LED chips and LED die during LED encapsulation process

Basically, LED is most important component for a led light. LED encapsulation is a very important process in LED light manufacturing, design to protect the delicate LED chip on LED die and enhance its performance and longevity.

Here We would like to make a brief introduction about popular raw materials we used during LED encapsulation process and the materials of raw materials for LED die.

Basically, there are some optional raw materials such as epoxy resins, silicone,polyurethane, ceramic, glass on the market.

Epoxy resins are widely used because of their excellent adhesion,transparency,high cost-effectiveness. Although they can provide excellent protection against moisture and mechanical stress, they have some shortages in thermal conductivity and UV resistance. Silicone can provide superior thermal stability and UV resistance, which makes it much suitable for high-power LEDs  and achieve better heat dissipation. However, it is generally more expensive than epoxy resins.Polyurethane is sometimes used for outdoor and rugged offroad applications because it is known for its mechanical strength and durability to offer better protection against abrasion,impact and vibration. Ceramic is often used for CSP 1860 and relevant CSP series leds, it can achieve superior heat dissipation and mechanical strength, but it is much more expensive than epoxy or silicone. Sometimes, glass is used for some high power led applications. Featuring in excellent optical properties and thermal conductivity, it is more costly and difficult to make.

By some LED package technologies, LED chips will be encapsulated onto LED die. The following semiconductor materials might be chosen for specific LEDs on LED die.

Gallium arsenide (GaAs) is used for red and infrared led on LED die. Gallium Phosphide (GaP) is used for green and yellow LEDs. Gallium Nitride (GaN) is popular for blue and white LEDs due to their high efficiency and brightness.Sometimes, Indium Gallium Nitride (InGaN) might be used for blue and green LEDs .Their wavelength of light can be adjusted by varying the Indium content. Aluminum Gallium Indium Phosphide (AlGaInP) is mainly used  for high brightness red, orange, and yellow LEDs.

The above-mentioned raw materials are carefully processed and reshaped to create the LED die, which emits different color of lights after LED encapsulation process finishes.